{ "schema": "evo-edu.adaptive-capability.graph.v1", "date": "2026-09-20", "semantics": { "prerequisite_for": "Conceptual dependency; not a sufficiency assertion.", "documents": "Source attribution, including passages being criticized.", "supports": "Explicit evidential or argument support within declared scope.", "qualifies": "Restricts interpretation; not necessarily contradiction.", "influences": "Causal model relationship; feedback cycles allowed.", "requires_bridge": "Applying one result to another domain needs an additional premise." }, "nodes": [ { "id": "C01", "node_type": "claim", "title": "Organisms face material and energetic constraints", "statement": "Organisms obtain and allocate resources; movement, maintenance, growth and reproduction can compete for those resources.", "qualification": "Resource budgets alone do not identify the fitness consequences of every behavior.", "category": "biology", "evidence_status": "editorial_synthesis_checked", "source_ids": [ "pianka-evolutionary-ecology-1988" ], "source_anchors": [ { "source_id": "pianka-evolutionary-ecology-1988", "reference": "Printed pp.85–86; part 000 PDF pp.96–97; resource budgets and allocation." } ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-20" }, { "id": "C02", "node_type": "claim", "title": "Heritable variation enables an evolutionary response", "statement": "An evolutionary response to selection depends on transmissible differences associated with reproductive outcomes.", "qualification": "Phenotypic sorting or within-lifetime learning alone does not establish a heritable response.", "category": "biology", "evidence_status": "editorial_synthesis_checked", "source_ids": [ "gregory-natural-selection-2009" ], "source_anchors": [ { "source_id": "gregory-natural-selection-2009", "reference": "Printed pp.158,161; PDF pp.3,6; variation, inheritance and population evolution." } ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-20" }, { "id": "C03", "node_type": "claim", "title": "Fitness concerns reproductive contribution in context", "statement": "Natural selection concerns differential reproductive contribution among variants in a specified population and environment.", "qualification": "A fitness measure must name its life-cycle endpoint; survival, speed and energy intake are not interchangeable.", "category": "biology", "evidence_status": "editorial_synthesis_checked", "source_ids": [ "gregory-natural-selection-2009", "dobzhansky-ayala-stebbins-valentine-evolution-1977" ], "source_anchors": [ { "source_id": "gregory-natural-selection-2009", "reference": "Printed p.159; PDF p.4; Darwinian fitness." }, { "source_id": "dobzhansky-ayala-stebbins-valentine-evolution-1977", "reference": "Printed p.101; selected part PDF p.7; fitness components." } ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-20" }, { "id": "C04", "node_type": "claim", "title": "Selection is a population process", "statement": "Heritable variants can change frequency because their reproductive contributions differ; drift and other processes can also change frequencies.", "qualification": "An observed frequency change alone is not evidence that selection caused it.", "category": "biology", "evidence_status": "editorial_synthesis_checked", "source_ids": [ "dobzhansky-ayala-stebbins-valentine-evolution-1977", "pianka-evolutionary-ecology-1988" ], "source_anchors": [ { "source_id": "dobzhansky-ayala-stebbins-valentine-evolution-1977", "reference": "Printed pp.97–98; selected part PDF pp.3–4; differential reproduction." }, { "source_id": "pianka-evolutionary-ecology-1988", "reference": "Printed pp.24–25; part 000 PDF pp.35–36; population genetics and mechanism comparison." } ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-20" }, { "id": "C05", "node_type": "claim", "title": "Adaptation has limits and tradeoffs", "statement": "Adaptation is environment-relative and constrained by tradeoffs, history, available variation and stochastic population processes.", "qualification": "It is not a guarantee of perfection, survival, or ever-increasing complexity.", "category": "biology", "evidence_status": "editorial_synthesis_checked", "source_ids": [ "gregory-natural-selection-2009", "pianka-evolutionary-ecology-1988" ], "source_anchors": [ { "source_id": "gregory-natural-selection-2009", "reference": "Printed p.163; PDF p.8; limits, history and tradeoffs." }, { "source_id": "pianka-evolutionary-ecology-1988", "reference": "Printed pp.24–25; part 000 PDF pp.35–36; stochastic population processes." } ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-20" }, { "id": "C06", "node_type": "claim", "title": "A home and dispersed resources create a routing problem", "statement": "Travel between a home location and resources can generate route-dependent time and energetic costs through ordinary physical processes.", "qualification": "Central-place foraging is broader than TSP: visits, rewards, loading, risk, depletion and return conditions may vary.", "category": "model", "evidence_status": "editorial_synthesis_checked", "source_ids": [ "foraging2026" ], "source_anchors": [ { "source_id": "foraging2026", "reference": "F1–F2; 459 exact finite-census checks" } ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-20" }, { "id": "C07", "node_type": "claim", "title": "Energy is a conditional proxy for fitness", "statement": "More net energy implies greater reproductive output only under an additional life-history relationship, with other relevant effects controlled.", "qualification": "Nutrient balance, predation, mating opportunities and saturation can alter or reverse the comparison.", "category": "model", "evidence_status": "editorial_synthesis_checked", "source_ids": [ "pianka-evolutionary-ecology-1988", "foraging2026" ], "source_anchors": [ { "source_id": "pianka-evolutionary-ecology-1988", "reference": "Printed p.85; part 000 PDF p.96; energy as a fitness proxy." }, { "source_id": "foraging2026", "reference": "F1–F2; 459 exact finite-census checks" } ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-20" }, { "id": "C08", "node_type": "claim", "title": "Physical costs can define the payoff map", "statement": "A specified route cost and energy-to-reproduction map produce comparative payoffs without an extra mechanism that searches among arbitrary payoff functions.", "qualification": "The payoff-generating conditions are explicit assumptions; this does not establish their ultimate origin or frequency in nature.", "category": "model", "evidence_status": "editorial_synthesis_checked", "source_ids": [ "foraging2026" ], "source_anchors": [ { "source_id": "foraging2026", "reference": "F1–F2; 459 exact finite-census checks" } ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-20" }, { "id": "C09", "node_type": "claim", "title": "A route advantage can yield a selection response", "statement": "If two heritable route policies have expected outputs wA>wB, then p′=p wA/[p wA+(1−p)wB] exceeds p for 00, Pr[Q(T)≥a]≤E[Q(T)]/a. Substituting |T|/N requires that mean for T; a uniform barycenter supplies it for every T.", "qualification": "The inequality survives many nonuniform mechanisms; it does not establish their causal origin.", "category": "theorem", "evidence_status": "editorial_synthesis_checked", "source_ids": [ "book2017", "formal2026" ], "source_anchors": [ { "source_id": "book2017", "reference": "Printed p.177; weak search-for-search mean premise." }, { "source_id": "formal2026", "reference": "MEASURE_COUNTERS M1–M5; BIOLOGICAL_COUNTERS B1–B3; RESOURCE_COUNTERS; PROVENANCE_ARGUMENT" } ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-20" }, { "id": "C23", "node_type": "claim", "title": "The strict simplex tail uses a stronger measure", "statement": "Uniform volume on the N-category probability simplex gives a singleton tail Pr[Q(x)≥a]=(1−a)^(N−1).", "qualification": "It is a distribution over distributions, not an empirically measured distribution of ecological mechanisms.", "category": "theorem", "evidence_status": "editorial_synthesis_checked", "source_ids": [ "book2017", "formal2026" ], "source_anchors": [ { "source_id": "book2017", "reference": "Printed pp.178–180; strict uniform-simplex derivation." }, { "source_id": "formal2026", "reference": "MEASURE_COUNTERS M1–M5; BIOLOGICAL_COUNTERS B1–B3; RESOURCE_COUNTERS; PROVENANCE_ARGUMENT" } ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-20" }, { "id": "C24", "node_type": "claim", "title": "Physics can induce a structured problem distribution", "statement": "Local interactions and resource geometry can constrain which payoff relations a mechanism generates.", "qualification": "The induced probability law must be supplied or investigated; invoking physical structure alone does not quantify its natural prevalence.", "category": "application", "evidence_status": "editorial_synthesis_checked", "source_ids": [ "foraging2026", "formal2026" ], "source_anchors": [ { "source_id": "foraging2026", "reference": "F1–F2; 459 exact finite-census checks" }, { "source_id": "formal2026", "reference": "MEASURE_COUNTERS M1–M5; BIOLOGICAL_COUNTERS B1–B3; RESOURCE_COUNTERS; PROVENANCE_ARGUMENT" } ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-20" }, { "id": "C25", "node_type": "claim", "title": "A mechanism measure need not have simplex tails", "statement": "The project’s explicit environmental family has a uniform mean output law but fixed-target tails that differ greatly from uniform-simplex tails.", "qualification": "This is a countermodel to measure-independent extrapolation, preserving the valid weak bound.", "category": "application", "evidence_status": "editorial_synthesis_checked", "source_ids": [ "formal2026" ], "source_anchors": [ { "source_id": "formal2026", "reference": "MEASURE_COUNTERS M1–M5; BIOLOGICAL_COUNTERS B1–B3; RESOURCE_COUNTERS; PROVENANCE_ARGUMENT" } ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-20" }, { "id": "C26", "node_type": "claim", "title": "Fixed targets differ from environmental alignment", "statement": "Matching an independently fixed genotype and matching the genotype favored by a realized environment are different probability events.", "qualification": "Correlations between environment, target and process must remain in the calculation.", "category": "definition", "evidence_status": "editorial_synthesis_checked", "source_ids": [ "formal2026" ], "source_anchors": [ { "source_id": "formal2026", "reference": "MEASURE_COUNTERS M1–M5; BIOLOGICAL_COUNTERS B1–B3; RESOURCE_COUNTERS; PROVENANCE_ARGUMENT" } ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-20" }, { "id": "C27", "node_type": "claim", "title": "Elementary costs can reverse oracle comparisons", "statement": "Early rejection can outperform indivisible full-row testing when charged per elementary assay, with an unbounded multiplicative expected-cost ratio in the IID example.", "qualification": "Both costs remain exponential; the paper already acknowledges cheaper partial queries as a practical qualification.", "category": "application", "evidence_status": "editorial_synthesis_checked", "source_ids": [ "em2017", "formal2026" ], "source_anchors": [ { "source_id": "em2017", "reference": "p.5, Theorems 1–2 and cost qualification" }, { "source_id": "formal2026", "reference": "MEASURE_COUNTERS M1–M5; BIOLOGICAL_COUNTERS B1–B3; RESOURCE_COUNTERS; PROVENANCE_ARGUMENT" } ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-20" }, { "id": "C28", "node_type": "claim", "title": "Finite populations can track persistent environments", "statement": "A finite Wright–Fisher model yields a strict expected selection advantage over matched neutrality under stated heredity, feedback, persistence and variation assumptions.", "qualification": "A two-type tracking result is not open-ended complexity and does not price microscopic ecological encounters.", "category": "application", "evidence_status": "editorial_synthesis_checked", "source_ids": [ "formal2026" ], "source_anchors": [ { "source_id": "formal2026", "reference": "MEASURE_COUNTERS M1–M5; BIOLOGICAL_COUNTERS B1–B3; RESOURCE_COUNTERS; PROVENANCE_ARGUMENT" } ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-20" }, { "id": "C29", "node_type": "claim", "title": "A success statistic does not identify causal provenance", "statement": "If two causal accounts induce the same observable law, statistics of those observations cannot distinguish the accounts.", "qualification": "Equal observable laws are the premise; this does not establish actual equivalence of every natural and designed origin account.", "category": "critique", "evidence_status": "editorial_synthesis_checked", "source_ids": [ "blancke2011", "formal2026" ], "source_anchors": [ { "source_id": "blancke2011", "reference": "Author-hosted PDF pp.3–5" }, { "source_id": "formal2026", "reference": "MEASURE_COUNTERS M1–M5; BIOLOGICAL_COUNTERS B1–B3; RESOURCE_COUNTERS; PROVENANCE_ARGUMENT" } ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-20" }, { "id": "C30", "node_type": "claim", "title": "The literature dispute concerns applicability as well as algebra", "statement": "Earlier critics distinguish valid search theorems from biological or design conclusions that require additional premises.", "qualification": "English–Felsenstein 2015 targets the earlier search-for-search argument, not the 2017 coevolution simulator.", "category": "critique", "evidence_status": "editorial_synthesis_checked", "source_ids": [ "ef2015" ], "source_anchors": [ { "source_id": "ef2015", "reference": "29 March 2015; landscape/search-distribution distinction" } ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-20" }, { "id": "C31", "node_type": "claim", "title": "Ecological feedback can alter future conditions", "statement": "Resource use and interacting populations can change the conditions that determine later outcomes.", "qualification": "A causal feedback loop is not a circular mathematical proof or an invalid teaching sequence.", "category": "biology", "evidence_status": "editorial_synthesis_checked", "source_ids": [ "foraging2026" ], "source_anchors": [ { "source_id": "foraging2026", "reference": "F1–F2; 459 exact finite-census checks" } ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-20" }, { "id": "C32", "node_type": "claim", "title": "Increasing coordinated complexity remains a separate question", "statement": "Route improvement, local optimization and two-type tracking do not establish increasing coordinated complexity within an organism.", "qualification": "Operational complexity measures, mechanisms and evidence are needed to evaluate that stronger claim.", "category": "open", "evidence_status": "editorial_synthesis_checked", "source_ids": [ "book2017", "formal2026" ], "source_anchors": [ { "source_id": "book2017", "reference": "Printed pp.67–68; increasing sophistication and human-scale complexity." }, { "source_id": "formal2026", "reference": "SYNTHESIS: dispositions and remaining limits; BIOLOGICAL_COUNTERS: scope of two-type tracking." } ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-20" }, { "id": "inherited:staged.claim.dobzhansky.selection-not-purposeful-selector.001", "node_type": "claim", "title": "Natural Selection Is Differential Reproduction, Not A Purposeful Selector", "statement": "Dobzhansky, Ayala, Stebbins, and Valentine support a guardrail that natural selection is an outcome of organism-environment interactions and differential reproduction, not a purposeful chooser and not necessarily literal combat among organisms.", "qualification": "Promote as a misconception guard for natural selection and adaptation pages.", "category": "inherited", "evidence_status": "inherited_review_not_freshly_rechecked", "source_ids": [ "dobzhansky-ayala-stebbins-valentine-evolution-1977" ], "source_anchors": [ { "source_id": "dobzhansky-ayala-stebbins-valentine-evolution-1977", "reference": "Inherited source review; exact extraction coordinates retained privately; public page anchor not verified.", "status": "reviewed" } ], "reviewed_on": "2026-05-16", "notebook_record": "staged.claim.dobzhansky.selection-not-purposeful-selector.001", "original_review": { "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "evo-edu source ingestion workflow", "reviewed_on": "2026-05-16", "notes": "Promote as a misconception guard for natural selection and adaptation pages." }, "imported_on": "2026-09-20" }, { "id": "inherited:staged.claim.futuyma.adaptation-extinction-boundary.001", "node_type": "claim", "title": "Adaptation Does Not Guarantee Resistance To Extinction", "statement": "Futuyma's macroevolution and diversity chapters support a guardrail for adaptation: local adaptedness does not mean a lineage evolves to avoid extinction, because environmental change, habitat loss, random origination and extinction, and lineage-level sorting can shape survival independently of organism-level fit.", "qualification": "Use as an advanced adaptation/macroevolution guardrail. It should not weaken the basic claim that selection can improve fit to local environments; it separates local adaptedness from lineage persistence.", "category": "inherited", "evidence_status": "inherited_review_not_freshly_rechecked", "source_ids": [ "futuyma-evolutionary-biology-1979" ], "source_anchors": [ { "source_id": "futuyma-evolutionary-biology-1979", "reference": "Inherited scan-review pages 97-105; correspondence to printed pagination not freshly verified.", "status": "reviewed" }, { "source_id": "futuyma-evolutionary-biology-1979", "reference": "Inherited scan-review pages 447-450; correspondence to printed pagination not freshly verified.", "status": "reviewed" } ], "reviewed_on": "2026-05-16", "notebook_record": "staged.claim.futuyma.adaptation-extinction-boundary.001", "original_review": { "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "evo-edu source ingestion workflow", "reviewed_on": "2026-05-16", "notes": "Use as an advanced adaptation/macroevolution guardrail. It should not weaken the basic claim that selection can improve fit to local environments; it separates local adaptedness from lineage persistence." }, "imported_on": "2026-09-20" }, { "id": "inherited:staged.claim.futuyma.mutation-undirected-variation.001", "node_type": "claim", "title": "Mutation Is Not Directed By Future Usefulness", "statement": "Futuyma supports a core mutation guardrail for the Notebook: variants arise without regard to future usefulness, while selection changes which variants persist under the conditions organisms actually encounter.", "qualification": "Use as a misconception guard against need-directed mutation and future-looking explanations.", "category": "inherited", "evidence_status": "inherited_review_not_freshly_rechecked", "source_ids": [ "futuyma-evolutionary-biology-1979" ], "source_anchors": [ { "source_id": "futuyma-evolutionary-biology-1979", "reference": "Inherited source review; recorded p. 15; pagination not freshly checked.", "status": "reviewed" }, { "source_id": "futuyma-evolutionary-biology-1979", "reference": "Inherited source review; recorded p. 34; pagination not freshly checked.", "status": "reviewed" } ], "reviewed_on": "2026-05-16", "notebook_record": "staged.claim.futuyma.mutation-undirected-variation.001", "original_review": { "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "evo-edu source ingestion workflow", "reviewed_on": "2026-05-16", "notes": "Use as a misconception guard against need-directed mutation and future-looking explanations." }, "imported_on": "2026-09-20" }, { "id": "inherited:staged.claim.natural-selection.evidence-check.001", "node_type": "claim", "title": "Selection Claims Need Trait and Fitness Evidence", "statement": "A frequency increase alone does not establish that an allele is adaptive; the explanation also needs evidence connecting the variant to heritable trait differences, fitness differences, and relevant environmental conditions.", "qualification": "Pianka OCR import anchors the distinction between selection, evolution, alternative mechanisms, and caution against circular adaptive explanations. Keep citation-specific page text out of public pages until final bibliography review.", "category": "inherited", "evidence_status": "inherited_review_not_freshly_rechecked", "source_ids": [ "pianka-evolutionary-ecology-1988" ], "source_anchors": [ { "source_id": "pianka-evolutionary-ecology-1988", "reference": "Inherited source review; recorded p. 20; section Natural Selection; pagination not freshly checked.", "status": "reviewed" }, { "source_id": "pianka-evolutionary-ecology-1988", "reference": "Inherited source review; recorded p. 23; section Phenotype; pagination not freshly checked.", "status": "reviewed" } ], "reviewed_on": "2026-05-16", "notebook_record": "staged.claim.natural-selection.evidence-check.001", "original_review": { "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "evo-edu source ingestion workflow", "reviewed_on": "2026-05-16", "notes": "Pianka OCR import anchors the distinction between selection, evolution, alternative mechanisms, and caution against circular adaptive explanations. Keep citation-specific page text out of public pages until final bibliography review." }, "imported_on": "2026-09-20" }, { "id": "inherited:staged.claim.pianka.adaptation-multidimensional-compromise.001", "node_type": "claim", "title": "Adaptation Often Requires Multidimensional Compromise", "statement": "Pianka supports presenting adaptation as conformity to many environmental dimensions at once, where physical conditions, competitors, predators, prey, and energetic tradeoffs can require compromise rather than perfection.", "qualification": "Use as a guard against single-axis or perfectionist accounts of adaptation.", "category": "inherited", "evidence_status": "inherited_review_not_freshly_rechecked", "source_ids": [ "pianka-evolutionary-ecology-1988" ], "source_anchors": [ { "source_id": "pianka-evolutionary-ecology-1988", "reference": "Inherited source review; recorded p. 116; pagination not freshly checked.", "status": "reviewed" }, { "source_id": "pianka-evolutionary-ecology-1988", "reference": "Inherited source review; recorded p. 111; pagination not freshly checked.", "status": "reviewed" } ], "reviewed_on": "2026-05-16", "notebook_record": "staged.claim.pianka.adaptation-multidimensional-compromise.001", "original_review": { "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "evo-edu source ingestion workflow", "reviewed_on": "2026-05-16", "notes": "Use as a guard against single-axis or perfectionist accounts of adaptation." }, "imported_on": "2026-09-20" }, { "id": "inherited:staged.claim.pianka.allele-frequency-change.001", "node_type": "claim", "title": "Evolution Can Be Framed As Gene Frequency Change", "statement": "Pianka's population-genetics treatment supports the Notebook framing that allele-frequency change connects gene pools, Mendelian populations, genotype expectations, and evolutionary change over time.", "qualification": "Reviewed as a source-backed sidecar for the allele-frequency concept. OCR text should still be checked against the scanned page before direct quotation.", "category": "inherited", "evidence_status": "inherited_review_not_freshly_rechecked", "source_ids": [ "pianka-evolutionary-ecology-1988" ], "source_anchors": [ { "source_id": "pianka-evolutionary-ecology-1988", "reference": "Inherited source review; recorded p. 35; section Population Genetics; pagination not freshly checked.", "status": "reviewed" } ], "reviewed_on": "2026-05-16", "notebook_record": "staged.claim.pianka.allele-frequency-change.001", "original_review": { "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "evo-edu source ingestion workflow", "reviewed_on": "2026-05-16", "notes": "Reviewed as a source-backed sidecar for the allele-frequency concept. OCR text should still be checked against the scanned page before direct quotation." }, "imported_on": "2026-09-20" }, { "id": "inherited:staged.claim.pianka.genetic-variation-maintenance.001", "node_type": "claim", "title": "Population-Genetic Models Compare Drift, Gene Flow, Mating, and Selection", "statement": "Pianka's population-genetics treatment supports presenting drift, gene flow, nonrandom mating, and frequency-dependent selection as mechanisms modeled against genotype and gene-frequency expectations.", "qualification": "Good source-trail anchor for mechanism comparison. It does not by itself resolve the neutral-theory context slot.", "category": "inherited", "evidence_status": "inherited_review_not_freshly_rechecked", "source_ids": [ "pianka-evolutionary-ecology-1988" ], "source_anchors": [ { "source_id": "pianka-evolutionary-ecology-1988", "reference": "Inherited source review; recorded p. 36; section Population Genetics; pagination not freshly checked.", "status": "reviewed" } ], "reviewed_on": "2026-05-16", "notebook_record": "staged.claim.pianka.genetic-variation-maintenance.001", "original_review": { "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "evo-edu source ingestion workflow", "reviewed_on": "2026-05-16", "notes": "Good source-trail anchor for mechanism comparison. It does not by itself resolve the neutral-theory context slot." }, "imported_on": "2026-09-20" }, { "id": "inherited:staged.claim.pianka.heritability-selection.001", "node_type": "claim", "title": "Selection Requires Heritable Phenotypic Differences", "statement": "Pianka's genetics chapter supports the Notebook guardrail that selection acts on phenotypes, but population change depends on whether phenotypic differences are heritable.", "qualification": "Useful for distinguishing immediate fitness effects from evolutionary response. OCR section heading is noisy, but the page anchor is usable.", "category": "inherited", "evidence_status": "inherited_review_not_freshly_rechecked", "source_ids": [ "pianka-evolutionary-ecology-1988" ], "source_anchors": [ { "source_id": "pianka-evolutionary-ecology-1988", "reference": "Inherited source review; recorded p. 33; pagination not freshly checked.", "status": "reviewed" } ], "reviewed_on": "2026-05-16", "notebook_record": "staged.claim.pianka.heritability-selection.001", "original_review": { "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "evo-edu source ingestion workflow", "reviewed_on": "2026-05-16", "notes": "Useful for distinguishing immediate fitness effects from evolutionary response. OCR section heading is noisy, but the page anchor is usable." }, "imported_on": "2026-09-20" }, { "id": "inherited:staged.claim.pianka.populations-have-changing-properties.001", "node_type": "claim", "title": "Populations Have Properties Individuals Do Not", "statement": "Pianka supports population thinking by distinguishing individual organisms from populations: individuals live or die with fixed genetic makeups, while populations have gene frequencies, birth rates, and death rates that can change over time.", "qualification": "Good bridge from population thinking into ecology and demographic models.", "category": "inherited", "evidence_status": "inherited_review_not_freshly_rechecked", "source_ids": [ "pianka-evolutionary-ecology-1988" ], "source_anchors": [ { "source_id": "pianka-evolutionary-ecology-1988", "reference": "Inherited source review; recorded p. 18; pagination not freshly checked.", "status": "reviewed" } ], "reviewed_on": "2026-05-16", "notebook_record": "staged.claim.pianka.populations-have-changing-properties.001", "original_review": { "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "evo-edu source ingestion workflow", "reviewed_on": "2026-05-16", "notes": "Good bridge from population thinking into ecology and demographic models." }, "imported_on": "2026-09-20" }, { "id": "inherited:staged.claim.williams.adaptation-guardrail.001", "node_type": "claim", "title": "Adaptation Claims Need Evidence And A Clear Level Of Selection", "statement": "Williams supports a Notebook guardrail that adaptation should not be invoked casually: a proposed function should be tied to evidence of design by selection and assigned only to the level of organization demanded by the evidence.", "qualification": "Use as a misconception guard for adaptation and natural-selection pages; avoid stronger public wording until additional source review.", "category": "inherited", "evidence_status": "inherited_review_not_freshly_rechecked", "source_ids": [ "williams-adaptation-natural-selection-1968" ], "source_anchors": [ { "source_id": "williams-adaptation-natural-selection-1968", "reference": "Inherited source review; recorded p. 7; pagination not freshly checked.", "status": "reviewed" } ], "reviewed_on": "2026-05-16", "notebook_record": "staged.claim.williams.adaptation-guardrail.001", "original_review": { "status": "reviewed", "reviewer": "evo-edu source ingestion workflow", "reviewed_on": "2026-05-16", "notes": "Use as a misconception guard for adaptation and natural-selection pages; avoid stronger public wording until additional source review." }, "imported_on": "2026-09-20" }, { "id": "library:heritable-variation", "node_type": "claim", "title": "Heritable variation permits cumulative selection", "statement": "Differences among organisms can persist between generations when traits have a heritable basis; nonheritable variation alone cannot sustain an inherited evolutionary response.", "qualification": "Heritability is population- and environment-dependent; this does not imply that every phenotypic difference is genetic.", "category": "biological foundation", "evidence_status": "source_checked", "source_ids": [ "gregory-natural-selection-2009" ], "source_anchors": [ { "source_id": "gregory-natural-selection-2009", "reference": "PDF pages 3, 6; pp. 158, 161; Variation and Inheritance; Natural Selection and the Evolution of Populations" } ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-20", "epistemic_type": "biological foundation" }, { "id": "library:differential-reproduction", "node_type": "claim", "title": "Selection changes representation through reproduction", "statement": "Trait-associated differences in survival and reproduction can cause heritable variants to be represented at different rates in subsequent generations.", "qualification": "A statistical tendency does not guarantee fixation in a finite population; drift and other evolutionary processes also affect outcomes.", "category": "biological foundation", "evidence_status": "source_checked", "source_ids": [ "gregory-natural-selection-2009" ], "source_anchors": [ { "source_id": "gregory-natural-selection-2009", "reference": "PDF pages 4, 6; pp. 159, 161; Non-random Differences in Survival and Reproduction" } ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-20", "epistemic_type": "biological foundation" }, { "id": "library:fitness-context", "node_type": "claim", "title": "Fitness concerns reproductive output in an environment", "statement": "Biological fitness describes reproductive contribution, commonly relative to alternatives in a specified environment; strength, longevity, or an isolated performance score is not itself fitness.", "qualification": "State the time interval, demographic context, and reproductive endpoint; changing environments can reverse rankings.", "category": "definition", "evidence_status": "source_checked", "source_ids": [ "gregory-natural-selection-2009" ], "source_anchors": [ { "source_id": "gregory-natural-selection-2009", "reference": "PDF pages 4; p. 159; Darwinian Fitness" } ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-20", "epistemic_type": "definition" }, { "id": "library:no-purposeful-selector", "node_type": "claim", "title": "Organism–environment interactions provide selection", "statement": "Natural selection can arise from the consequences of organism–environment interactions without a purposeful selecting agent.", "qualification": "This concerns the selection mechanism; it is not a proof about the ultimate origin of physical laws or environments.", "category": "mechanistic interpretation", "evidence_status": "source_checked", "source_ids": [ "dobzhansky-ayala-stebbins-valentine-evolution-1977" ], "source_anchors": [ { "source_id": "dobzhansky-ayala-stebbins-valentine-evolution-1977", "reference": "PDF pages 3; p. 97; The Idea of Natural Selection" } ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-20", "epistemic_type": "mechanistic interpretation" }, { "id": "library:adaptation-without-global-best", "node_type": "claim", "title": "Selection does not require a champion individual", "statement": "Survival and reproduction need not be restricted to one best individual; multiple sufficiently well-suited organisms can contribute to the next generation.", "qualification": "Population success is not identical to the champion evaluation used in particular coevolutionary optimization theorems.", "category": "biological foundation", "evidence_status": "source_checked", "source_ids": [ "dobzhansky-ayala-stebbins-valentine-evolution-1977" ], "source_anchors": [ { "source_id": "dobzhansky-ayala-stebbins-valentine-evolution-1977", "reference": "PDF pages 4; p. 98; discussion of survival of the fittest" } ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-20", "epistemic_type": "biological foundation" }, { "id": "library:finite-resource-budgets", "node_type": "claim", "title": "Organisms allocate finite resource budgets", "statement": "Time, energy, and material devoted to foraging, maintenance, growth, and reproduction impose allocation constraints and potential tradeoffs.", "qualification": "Tradeoffs depend on context; the text does not establish a universal fixed tradeoff surface for every organism.", "category": "biophysical foundation", "evidence_status": "source_checked", "source_ids": [ "pianka-evolutionary-ecology-1988" ], "source_anchors": [ { "source_id": "pianka-evolutionary-ecology-1988", "reference": "PDF pages 96, 97; pp. 85–86; Resource Budgets and the Principle of Allocation" } ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-20", "epistemic_type": "biophysical foundation" }, { "id": "library:energy-is-fitness-proxy", "node_type": "claim", "title": "Energy intake is an intermediate performance measure", "statement": "Optimal-foraging models often use energy acquired per time as a tractable currency, while lifetime successful offspring would more directly measure reproductive consequences.", "qualification": "Do not silently identify shorter travel or greater intake with higher fitness without a stated energy-to-reproduction link.", "category": "measurement guardrail", "evidence_status": "source_checked", "source_ids": [ "pianka-evolutionary-ecology-1988" ], "source_anchors": [ { "source_id": "pianka-evolutionary-ecology-1988", "reference": "PDF pages 96; p. 85; Resource Acquisition and Allocation, opening discussion" } ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-20", "epistemic_type": "measurement guardrail" }, { "id": "library:repeatable-environment", "node_type": "claim", "title": "Foraging models can exploit environmental regularity", "statement": "The foraging model summarized by Pianka assumes statistically repeatable environmental structure, linking morphology and resource distributions to harvesting performance.", "qualification": "Statistical repeatability is an assumption of this model, not a demonstrated property of all environments. Animals have incomplete information.", "category": "model assumption", "evidence_status": "source_checked", "source_ids": [ "pianka-evolutionary-ecology-1988" ], "source_anchors": [ { "source_id": "pianka-evolutionary-ecology-1988", "reference": "PDF pages 103, 104; pp. 92–93; Foraging Tactics and Feeding Efficiency" } ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-20", "epistemic_type": "model assumption" }, { "id": "library:travel-costs", "node_type": "claim", "title": "Travel consumes time and can impose other costs", "statement": "Moving between food patches can consume energy and time and expose a forager to predation; these consequences affect the value of leaving a depleted patch.", "qualification": "Distance alone does not encode load, speed, terrain, risk, handling, or depletion. These costs need explicit treatment in a route model.", "category": "ecological mechanism", "evidence_status": "source_checked", "source_ids": [ "dugatkin-principles-animal-behavior-2014" ], "source_anchors": [ { "source_id": "dugatkin-principles-animal-behavior-2014", "reference": "PDF pages 380, 381; pp. 354–355; Where to Eat" } ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-20", "epistemic_type": "ecological mechanism" }, { "id": "library:patch-residence", "node_type": "claim", "title": "Travel time changes a model’s patch-residence prediction", "statement": "Under the marginal-value foraging model described here, increasing travel time between patches increases the predicted optimal time spent in a patch.", "qualification": "This is a conditional model prediction, not a claim that animals calculate the theorem or that every species maximizes this currency.", "category": "model result", "evidence_status": "source_checked", "source_ids": [ "dugatkin-principles-animal-behavior-2014" ], "source_anchors": [ { "source_id": "dugatkin-principles-animal-behavior-2014", "reference": "PDF pages 381, 382, 383; pp. 355–357; Where to Eat, Figures 11.9–11.10" } ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-20", "epistemic_type": "model result" }, { "id": "library:nutrient-constraints", "node_type": "claim", "title": "Essential nutrients can constrain energy maximization", "statement": "A forager may need low-energy foods to obtain essential nutrients; Dugatkin’s moose example treats sodium requirements as a constraint on energy-oriented diet choice.", "qualification": "The cited moose numbers are not generalized to other species; the original Belovsky study is cited by the textbook but not independently audited here.", "category": "ecological mechanism", "evidence_status": "source_checked", "source_ids": [ "dugatkin-principles-animal-behavior-2014" ], "source_anchors": [ { "source_id": "dugatkin-principles-animal-behavior-2014", "reference": "PDF pages 383, 384; pp. 357–358; Specific Nutrient Constraints" } ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-20", "epistemic_type": "ecological mechanism" }, { "id": "library:optimization-is-conditional", "node_type": "claim", "title": "Optimal-foraging conclusions inherit their assumptions", "statement": "Optimal-foraging theory derives predictions within explicit constraints; the basic prey-choice example assumes measurable energetic returns, sequential encounters, accurate recognition, and selection favoring energy intake rate.", "qualification": "A model’s assumption that selection favors energy-rate maximization is not independent evidence that fitness always equals that rate.", "category": "model-assumption guardrail", "evidence_status": "source_checked", "source_ids": [ "dugatkin-principles-animal-behavior-2014" ], "source_anchors": [ { "source_id": "dugatkin-principles-animal-behavior-2014", "reference": "PDF pages 377, 378; pp. 351–352; Optimal Foraging Theory; What to Eat" } ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-20", "epistemic_type": "model-assumption guardrail" }, { "id": "concept.shannon_entropy", "node_type": "concept", "title": "Shannon entropy", "statement": "H(Q)=−Σq log q describes uncertainty in a specified distribution.", "category": "definition", "qualification": "The random variables and logarithm units must be specified.", "source_ids": [], "source_anchors": [], "evidence_status": "mathematical_definition" }, { "id": "concept.kl_divergence", "node_type": "concept", "title": "Kullback–Leibler divergence", "statement": "D(Q′||Q)=Σq′ log(q′/q) compares two specified distributions; it is nonnegative where defined.", "category": "definition", "qualification": "The random variables and logarithm units must be specified.", "source_ids": [], "source_anchors": [], "evidence_status": "mathematical_definition" }, { "id": "theory.ross.meta_search", "node_type": "claim", "title": "ross · meta search", "statement": "Genetic programming can synthesize problem-specific search algorithms from a declared search language and evaluate them by performance on optimization instances.", "qualification": "This is constructive computational meta-search, not a theorem about the rarity of all output distributions and not a biological-origin demonstration.", "category": "source_audit", "evidence_status": "source reports computational experiments", "source_ids": [ "ross2002" ], "source_anchors": [ { "source_id": "ross2002", "reference": "Printed pp. 1–2; PDF position 2; Abstract; section1" } ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-20" }, { "id": "theory.ross.scope", "node_type": "claim", "title": "ross · scope", "statement": "Meta-search results depend on representation, available primitives and computational budget; they do not establish unrestricted algorithm-generation ability.", "qualification": "The report discusses language bias, bloat and limited search horizons. Technical report status retained.", "category": "source_audit", "evidence_status": "source explicitly qualifies experiments", "source_ids": [ "ross2002" ], "source_anchors": [ { "source_id": "ross2002", "reference": "Printed pp. 21–22; PDF position 22; Conclusion" } ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-20" }, { "id": "theory.wm.classical_conditions", "node_type": "claim", "title": "wm · classical conditions", "statement": "The classic NFL equality in the paper uses finite-domain black-box searches compared after equal numbers of distinct queries and permutation-invariant problem weighting.", "qualification": "Actual algorithms may revisit; this comparison suppresses repeat costs by counting distinct samples. Do not infer equality for every ecological cost or endpoint.", "category": "source_audit", "evidence_status": "source theorem exposition", "source_ids": [ "wm2005" ], "source_anchors": [ { "source_id": "wm2005", "reference": "Printed pp. 722; PDF position 2; SectionII; footnotes3–4" } ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-20" }, { "id": "theory.wm.biological_conditions", "node_type": "claim", "title": "wm · biological conditions", "statement": "The paper derives its general-biological NFL conclusion for specified trace-based population endpoints under a never-revisiting approximation in the GO representation.", "qualification": "Absence of a champion alone is not the complete premise; representation, measure, endpoint and revisit assumptions matter.", "category": "source_audit", "evidence_status": "conditional source claim", "source_ids": [ "wm2005" ], "source_anchors": [ { "source_id": "wm2005", "reference": "Printed pp. 725–726; PDF position 6; SectionIV-B Example4" } ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-20" }, { "id": "theory.wm.selfplay_endpoint", "node_type": "claim", "title": "wm · selfplay endpoint", "statement": "Self-play allows the performance criterion to depend directly on the problem beyond the observed trace, permitting free-lunch distinctions under the GO framework.", "qualification": "The paper distinguishes uniform sampling of primitive payoff maps from induced distributions over derived maximin scores; do not collapse these ensembles.", "category": "source_audit", "evidence_status": "source formal mechanism", "source_ids": [ "wm2005" ], "source_anchors": [ { "source_id": "wm2005", "reference": "Printed pp. 724–725;727; PDF position 4; SectionIV-A; Example2; sectionV" } ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-20" }, { "id": "theory.wm.biological_exception", "node_type": "claim", "title": "wm · biological exception", "statement": "The paper itself allows that an organism-survival design problem evaluated after an unknown ecosystem change can behave as self-play and need not obey NFL.", "qualification": "This is a biologically framed design objective, not a theorem that unguided biological evolution always obtains a free lunch. It qualifies categorical exclusion of biological subject matter.", "category": "source_audit", "evidence_status": "source explicit exception", "source_ids": [ "wm2005" ], "source_anchors": [ { "source_id": "wm2005", "reference": "Printed pp. 726; PDF position 6; Example4 final paragraph" } ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-20" }, { "id": "theory.theobald.valid_identity", "node_type": "claim", "title": "theobald · valid identity", "statement": "For positive initial frequencies and pure reweighting q′=qv with E_q v=1, entropy decline equals Cov_q(v,ln q)+D_KL(q′||q), not the KL term alone.", "qualification": "The nonnegative KL term does not imply nonnegative entropy decline; mutual information needs a specified joint distribution. Source Eq3c lacks that joint-model justification.", "category": "source_audit", "evidence_status": "independently verified algebra; source prose needs correction", "source_ids": [ "theobald2005" ], "source_anchors": [ { "source_id": "theobald2005", "reference": "Printed pp. 1–2; PDF position 2; Equations3,6–8" } ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-20" }, { "id": "theory.theobald.false_covariance", "node_type": "claim", "title": "theobald · false covariance", "statement": "The source’s asserted nonnegativity of Σq(q′−q) is false: q=(0.9,0.1), q′=(0.8,0.2) gives −0.08.", "qualification": "Cauchy–Schwarz does not imply the asserted sign; do not import this note as an unrestricted information-increase theorem.", "category": "source_audit", "evidence_status": "counterexample verified; original equation visually checked", "source_ids": [ "theobald2005" ], "source_anchors": [ { "source_id": "theobald2005", "reference": "Printed pp. 3; PDF position 3; Equations10–15, especially13" } ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-20" }, { "id": "theory.em.oracle_order", "node_type": "claim", "title": "em · oracle order", "statement": "For every cell-query policy the 2017 theorem constructs a full-row policy with no smaller success at equal call count; its text explicitly allows cell queries to be cheaper in practice.", "qualification": "Exists a dominating simulator is not every row policy dominates; equal calls is not equal elementary work.", "category": "source_audit", "evidence_status": "source theorem plus explicit qualification", "source_ids": [ "em2017" ], "source_anchors": [ { "source_id": "em2017", "reference": "Printed pp. 5; PDF position 5; Theorem2 and following paragraph" } ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-20" }, { "id": "theory.mde.s4s_measure", "node_type": "claim", "title": "mde · s4s measure", "statement": "The book’s weak search-for-search step requires a specified mean baseline; its strict singleton-target tail additionally assumes uniform volume on the simplex of output distributions.", "qualification": "This probability-over-distributions result is distinct from Ross’s procedural meta-search and from the 2017 oracle comparison; environment extraction is conceded at pp180–181.", "category": "source_audit", "evidence_status": "source stated assumptions", "source_ids": [ "book2017" ], "source_anchors": [ { "source_id": "book2017", "reference": "Printed pp. 177–180; PDF position 201; Sections5.8.3.2–5.8.3.3" } ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-20" }, { "id": "foraging.physical_cost", "node_type": "claim", "title": "physical cost", "statement": "Under equal rewards and fixed effective energy cost per distance, a longer foraging route has lower net energy without any computation of the globally shortest route.", "qualification": "Constant cost per distance is a simplifying case of a state-dependent metabolic-cost integral, not a universal empirical law.", "category": "formal_model", "evidence_status": "proved_under_assumptions", "source_ids": [ "foraging-combes-2020", "foraging2026" ], "source_anchors": [ { "source_id": "foraging-combes-2020", "reference": "Search-indexed primary full-text methods/results and author-institution PDF abstract inspected; direct PMC open presented a browser check" }, { "source_id": "foraging2026", "reference": "F1–F2; 459 exact finite-census checks" } ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-20", "assumptions": [ "Equal collected rewards and handling costs", "Positive constant effective cost per distance", "Comparable risk, load and speed" ], "measured_endpoint": "" }, { "id": "foraging.tsp_special_case", "node_type": "claim", "title": "tsp special case", "statement": "Central-place foraging includes optional visits, variable rewards, replenishment, load and risk; a fixed all-sites shortest tour is a special case.", "qualification": "Neither a generic TSP analogy nor distance alone specifies biological fitness.", "category": "model_scope", "evidence_status": "literature_supported", "source_ids": [ "foraging-wetterer-1989", "foraging-elliott-1988", "foraging-lihoreau-2011" ], "source_anchors": [ { "source_id": "foraging-wetterer-1989", "reference": "Publisher primary abstract inspected" }, { "source_id": "foraging-elliott-1988", "reference": "Publisher primary abstract inspected" }, { "source_id": "foraging-lihoreau-2011", "reference": "Search-indexed author-hosted primary PDF summary inspected; direct opening returned an error" } ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-20", "assumptions": [], "measured_endpoint": "" }, { "id": "foraging.learned_route_improvement", "node_type": "claim", "title": "learned route improvement", "statement": "Bumblebees refine multi-destination routes during individual foraging experience while sampling only part of the possible tour set.", "qualification": "Within-lifetime learning; not a measured genetic evolutionary response or direct offspring count.", "category": "empirical_behavior", "evidence_status": "observed_in_studied_conditions", "source_ids": [ "foraging-lihoreau-2012" ], "source_anchors": [ { "source_id": "foraging-lihoreau-2012", "reference": "Publisher full text inspected, especially abstract, results and methods" } ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-20", "assumptions": [], "measured_endpoint": "Visitation order and flight trajectories" }, { "id": "foraging.no_global_optimum_needed", "node_type": "claim", "title": "no global optimum needed", "statement": "Route improvement does not require, and bee observations do not establish, reliable global-tour optimality across arbitrary arrangements.", "qualification": "The illustrative route pair has a known length difference; no claim is made about the shortest of all tours.", "category": "scope_and_empirical_counterweight", "evidence_status": "supported_scope_limit", "source_ids": [ "foraging-woodgate-2017", "foraging-lihoreau-2011" ], "source_anchors": [ { "source_id": "foraging-woodgate-2017", "reference": "Primary PubMed metadata and search-indexed PMC full-text discussion inspected; direct PMC open presented a browser check" }, { "source_id": "foraging-lihoreau-2011", "reference": "Search-indexed author-hosted primary PDF summary inspected; direct opening returned an error" } ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-20", "assumptions": [], "measured_endpoint": "" }, { "id": "foraging.energy_reproduction_bridge", "node_type": "claim", "title": "energy reproduction bridge", "statement": "A response of inherited foraging policies requires an empirical relationship between net returns, reproductive contribution and transmission; route learning alone does not establish it.", "qualification": "Colony nectar rates, individual lifetime resource collection and reproductive fitness are different endpoints; social-insect workers require a colony-level reproductive model.", "category": "biological_bridge_assumption", "evidence_status": "explicit_assumption_not_measured_here", "source_ids": [ "foraging-raine-2008", "foraging-evans-2017" ], "source_anchors": [ { "source_id": "foraging-raine-2008", "reference": "Search-indexed primary PMC full-text methods/results/discussion and author PDF abstract inspected" }, { "source_id": "foraging-evans-2017", "reference": "Primary PubMed metadata/abstract and author-institution publication record inspected" } ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-20", "assumptions": [], "measured_endpoint": "" }, { "id": "foraging.heritable_selection_response", "node_type": "claim", "title": "heritable selection response", "statement": "For two policy types with positive affine energy-to-reproduction weights, symmetric mutation below one half, and matched finite births, selection raises expected descendant net energy by (1-2mu) beta p(1-p)(UA-UB)^2 / mean_w.", "qualification": "Conditional ordinary selection identity; not measured evolutionary change in the cited bees.", "category": "formal_heritable_population_model", "evidence_status": "proved_and_exactly_checked", "source_ids": [ "foraging2026" ], "source_anchors": [ { "source_id": "foraging2026", "reference": "F1–F2; 459 exact finite-census checks" } ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-20", "assumptions": [ "Stable exogenous regime", "Frequency-independent policy returns", "Positive affine reproductive map", "Heritable policy variation", "Same census and mutation in neutral comparator" ], "measured_endpoint": "" }, { "id": "foraging.s4s_applicability_gap", "node_type": "claim", "title": "s4s applicability gap", "statement": "A uniform-simplex rarity bound cannot determine the frequency of physical foraging payoff maps without a justified mapping from environmental mechanisms to that measure.", "qualification": "The valid stipulated average theorem survives; this model does not estimate ecological prevalence or explain the ultimate origin of physical laws.", "category": "formal_interpretive_criticism", "evidence_status": "mathematical_scope_objection", "source_ids": [ "book2017", "foraging2026" ], "source_anchors": [ { "source_id": "book2017", "reference": "Sections 5.8–5.9, especially printed pages 177–181" }, { "source_id": "foraging2026", "reference": "F1–F2; 459 exact finite-census checks" } ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-20", "assumptions": [], "measured_endpoint": "" }, { "id": "foraging.no_recursive_evaluator_prerequisite", "node_type": "claim", "title": "no recursive evaluator prerequisite", "statement": "Metabolic expenditure and resource intake can instantiate feedback about a realized behavior without an independently executed search for an optimal evaluator.", "qualification": "Does not deny the need for environmental regularity, energetic expenditure, or an account of the origin of physical laws. 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Valentine", "year": "1977", "kind": "inherited Notebook source", "edition": "1977 edition", "inspected": "Inherited source record; any fresh checks are identified separately.", "reference": "PDF pages 3; p. 97; The Idea of Natural Selection; ; PDF pages 4; p. 98; discussion of survival of the fittest" }, { "id": "dugatkin-principles-animal-behavior-2014", "title": "Principles of Animal Behavior", "author": "Lee Alan Dugatkin", "year": "2014", "edition": "third edition", "reference": "PDF pages 380, 381; pp. 354–355; Where to Eat; ; PDF pages 381, 382, 383; pp. 355–357; Where to Eat, Figures 11.9–11.10; ; PDF pages 383, 384; pp. 357–358; Specific Nutrient Constraints; ; PDF pages 377, 378; pp. 351–352; Optimal Foraging Theory; What to Eat" }, { "id": "ef2015", "title": "Fitness surfaces and searches: Dembski, Ewert, and Marks’s search for design", "author": "Joe Felsenstein and Tom English", "year": 2015, "kind": "primary online mathematical criticism", "url": "https://pandasthumb.org/archives/2015/03/fitness-surface.html", "inspected": "Original inspected in formal source audit; target is earlier Dembski–Ewert–Marks paper, not EM2017.", "reference": "29 March 2015; landscape/search-distribution distinction" }, { "id": "em2017", "title": "Conservation of Information in Coevolutionary Searches", "author": "Winston Ewert and Robert J. Marks II", "authors": [ "Winston Ewert", "Robert J. Marks II" ], "year": 2017, "kind": "research paper", "publication_type": "journal article", "url": "https://winstonewert.com/pdfs/2017_coevolutionary_lunches.pdf", "doi": "10.5048/BIO-C.2017.1", "venue": "BIO-Complexity", "inspected": "Retained original; prior formal audit.", "reference": "p.5, Theorems 1–2 and cost qualification" }, { "id": "foraging-combes-2020", "title": "Kinematic flexibility allows bumblebees to increase energetic efficiency when carrying heavy loads", "authors": "Stacey A. Combes; Susan F. Gagliardi; Callin M. Switzer; Michael E. Dillon", "year": 2020, "url": "https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aay3115", "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.aay3115", "venue": "Science Advances 6(6), eaay3115", "access": "Search-indexed primary full-text methods/results and author-institution PDF abstract inspected; direct PMC open presented a browser check", "measured_endpoint": "Metabolic rate, wingbeat frequency, stroke amplitude under light and heavy loads in worker bumblebees.", "supports": "Loaded flight has metabolic costs whose dependence on load is mediated by kinematics and loading history.", "does_not_establish": "A universal linear joule-per-distance rule, route learning or reproductive response.", "reference": "" }, { "id": "foraging-elliott-1988", "title": "Foraging Behavior of a Central-Place Forager: Field Tests of Theoretical Predictions", "authors": "Phillip F. Elliott", "year": 1988, "url": "https://doi.org/10.1086/284784", "doi": "10.1086/284784", "venue": "The American Naturalist 131(2)", "access": "Publisher primary abstract inspected", "measured_endpoint": "Cone choice, quality, handling-related features and distance from a central midden.", "supports": "Pine-squirrel field observations supported some central-place predictions and qualified others.", "does_not_establish": "Global route optimization, direct lifetime fitness or genetic response.", "reference": "" }, { "id": "foraging-evans-2017", "title": "Fast learning in free-foraging bumble bees is negatively correlated with lifetime resource collection", "authors": "Lisa J. Evans; Karen E. Smith; Nigel E. Raine", "year": 2017, "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-00389-0", "doi": "10.1038/s41598-017-00389-0", "venue": "Scientific Reports 7, 496", "access": "Primary PubMed metadata/abstract and author-institution publication record inspected", "measured_endpoint": "Individual laboratory learning and lifetime field resource collection.", "supports": "Individual learning performance and lifetime resource collection can show a different association from colony-level foraging measures.", "does_not_establish": "A universal disadvantage to learning, direct lifetime reproductive fitness or genetic adaptation.", "reference": "" }, { "id": "foraging-lihoreau-2011", "title": "Trade-off between travel distance and prioritization of high-reward sites in traplining bumblebees", "authors": "Mathieu Lihoreau; Lars Chittka; Nigel E. Raine", "year": 2011, "url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2011.01881.x", "doi": "10.1111/j.1365-2435.2011.01881.x", "venue": "Functional Ecology 25(6), 1284–1292", "access": "Search-indexed author-hosted primary PDF summary inspected; direct opening returned an error", "measured_endpoint": "Route order and responses to reward heterogeneity.", "supports": "Bumblebee visitation choices trade travel distance against access to high-reward sites.", "does_not_establish": "That distance alone maximizes fitness or a measured evolutionary change.", "reference": "" }, { "id": "foraging-lihoreau-2012", "title": "Radar Tracking and Motion-Sensitive Cameras on Flowers Reveal the Development of Pollinator Multi-Destination Routes over Large Spatial Scales", "authors": "Mathieu Lihoreau; Nigel E. Raine; Andrew M. Reynolds; Ralph J. Stelzer; Ka S. Lim; Alan D. Smith; Juliet L. Osborne; Lars Chittka", "year": 2012, "url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001392", "doi": "10.1371/journal.pbio.1001392", "venue": "PLOS Biology 10(9), e1001392", "access": "Publisher full text inspected, especially abstract, results and methods", "measured_endpoint": "Flower visitation sequences, selected radar flight paths, trip lengths and route acquisition.", "supports": "Within-lifetime refinement of bumblebee foraging routes in a five-flower artificial array without trying every possible tour.", "does_not_establish": "Genetic adaptation, direct energetic expenditure or measured reproductive success.", "reference": "" }, { "id": "foraging-raine-2008", "title": "The correlation of learning speed and natural foraging success in bumble-bees", "authors": "Nigel E. Raine; Lars Chittka", "year": 2008, "url": "https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2007.1652", "doi": "10.1098/rspb.2007.1652", "venue": "Proceedings of the Royal Society B 275, 803–808", "access": "Search-indexed primary PMC full-text methods/results/discussion and author PDF abstract inspected", "measured_endpoint": "Associative learning performance and nectar collection per time; reproductive fitness was a proxy interpretation.", "supports": "Colony-level laboratory learning-speed variation correlated with field nectar collection.", "does_not_establish": "Direct offspring production, heritability or an experimental evolutionary response.", "reference": "" }, { "id": "foraging-wetterer-1989", "title": "Central place foraging theory: When load size affects travel time", "authors": "James K. Wetterer", "year": 1989, "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-5809(89)90034-8", "doi": "10.1016/0040-5809(89)90034-8", "venue": "Theoretical Population Biology 36(3), 267–280", "access": "Publisher primary abstract inspected", "supports": "Changing the dependence of travel time on load changes central-place-foraging predictions.", "does_not_establish": "A universal shortest-distance optimum or measured heritable evolutionary response.", "reference": "" }, { "id": "foraging-woodgate-2017", "title": "Continuous Radar Tracking Illustrates the Development of Multi-destination Routes of Bumblebees", "authors": "Joseph L. Woodgate; James C. Makinson; Ka S. Lim; Andrew M. Reynolds; Lars Chittka", "year": 2017, "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-17553-1", "doi": "10.1038/s41598-017-17553-1", "venue": "Scientific Reports 7, 17323", "access": "Primary PubMed metadata and search-indexed PMC full-text discussion inspected; direct PMC open presented a browser check", "measured_endpoint": "Continuous harmonic-radar flight trajectories and route development.", "supports": "Route development and improved routing need not reliably attain the shortest tour in a more challenging arrangement.", "does_not_establish": "Universal optimization or genetic evolution.", "reference": "" }, { "id": "foraging2026", "title": "Physical foraging costs: conditional selection model and exact checks", "author": "More-free-lunches project research supplement", "year": 2026, "kind": "unpublished worked model", "url": "MODEL_NOTES.html#foraging", "inspected": "Independent biological workstream with explicit model assumptions; not empirical bee data.", "reference": "F1–F2; 459 exact finite-census checks" }, { "id": "formal2026", "title": "Formal counters to biological restrictions: proofs, checks, and limits", "author": "More-free-lunches project research supplement", "year": 2026, "kind": "unpublished project analysis", "url": "MODEL_NOTES.html#formal-counters", "inspected": "Analytical arguments and executable exact checks with independent agent review; not external peer review.", "reference": "MEASURE_COUNTERS M1–M5; BIOLOGICAL_COUNTERS B1–B3; RESOURCE_COUNTERS; PROVENANCE_ARGUMENT" }, { "id": "futuyma-evolutionary-biology-1979", "title": "Evolutionary Biology", "author": "Douglas J. Futuyma", "year": "1979", "kind": "inherited Notebook source", "inspected": "Inherited source record; any fresh checks are identified separately.", "reference": "" }, { "id": "gregory-natural-selection-2009", "title": "Understanding Natural Selection: Essential Concepts and Common Misconceptions", "author": "T. Ryan Gregory", "year": "2009", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s12052-009-0128-1", "doi": "10.1007/s12052-009-0128-1", "edition": "journal article", "journal": "Evolution: Education and Outreach", "volume": "2", "pages": "156–175", "reference": "PDF pages 3, 6; pp. 158, 161; Variation and Inheritance; Natural Selection and the Evolution of Populations; ; PDF pages 4, 6; pp. 159, 161; Non-random Differences in Survival and Reproduction; ; PDF pages 4; p. 159; Darwinian Fitness" }, { "id": "igel2004", "title": "A No-Free-Lunch Theorem for Non-Uniform Distributions of Target Functions", "author": "Christian Igel and Marc Toussaint", "year": 2004, "kind": "research paper", "url": "https://christian-igel.github.io/paper/ANFLTfNUDoTF-orig.pdf", "inspected": "Primary full text inspected in formal-countermodel workstream.", "reference": "Theorem 5; pp.317–321" }, { "id": "pianka-evolutionary-ecology-1988", "title": "Evolutionary Ecology", "author": "Eric R. Pianka", "year": "1988", "kind": "inherited Notebook source", "edition": "fourth edition", "inspected": "Inherited source record; any fresh checks are identified separately.", "reference": "PDF pages 96, 97; pp. 85–86; Resource Budgets and the Principle of Allocation; ; PDF pages 96; p. 85; Resource Acquisition and Allocation, opening discussion; ; PDF pages 103, 104; pp. 92–93; Foraging Tactics and Feeding Efficiency" }, { "id": "ross2002", "title": "Searching for Search Algorithms: Experiments in Meta-search", "author": "Brian J. Ross", "authors": [ "Brian J. Ross" ], "year": 2002, "publication_type": "technical report; submitted preprint", "doi": null, "venue": "Brock University Department of Computer Science", "reference": "PDF1 cover; PDF2 abstract/printed1; printed n is PDF n+1" }, { "id": "theobald2005", "title": "On the increase of biological information due to selection", "author": "Douglas L. Theobald", "authors": [ "Douglas L. Theobald" ], "year": 2005, "publication_type": "three-page mathematical note; publication/peer-review status unverified", "doi": null, "reference": "PDF and printed pages both 1–3" }, { "id": "williams-adaptation-natural-selection-1968", "title": "Adaptation and Natural Selection", "author": "George C. Williams", "year": "1968", "kind": "inherited Notebook source", "inspected": "Inherited source record; any fresh checks are identified separately.", "reference": "" }, { "id": "wm2005", "title": "Coevolutionary Free Lunches", "author": "David H. Wolpert; William G. Macready", "authors": [ "David H. Wolpert", "William G. Macready" ], "year": 2005, "publication_type": "journal article", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1109/TEVC.2005.856205", "doi": "10.1109/TEVC.2005.856205", "venue": "IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation", "volume": 9, "issue": 6, "pages": "721–735", "reference": "printed page = PDF position + 720" } ], "story": [ { "id": "constraints", "title": "Living systems have costs", "claim_ids": [ "C01", "C03", "C05" ] }, { "id": "selection", "title": "What makes a difference evolutionary?", "claim_ids": [ "C02", "C04", "C10" ] }, { "id": "foraging", "title": "A home, resources, and a route", "claim_ids": [ "C06", "C07", "C08", "C09" ] }, { "id": "landscapes", "title": "From a physical mechanism to a landscape", "claim_ids": [ "C11", "C24", "C31" ] }, { "id": "nfl", "title": "What no free lunch actually averages", "claim_ids": [ "C12", "C14", "C15", "C13" ] }, { "id": "coevolution", "title": "Changing the contest changes the theorem", "claim_ids": [ "C16", "C17", "C18" ] }, { "id": "oracles", "title": "Information access has a price", "claim_ids": [ "C19", "C20", "C27" ] }, { "id": "s4s", "title": "Which distribution over searches?", "claim_ids": [ "C21", "C22", "C23", "C26", "C25" ] }, { "id": "results", "title": "What the present work adds", "claim_ids": [ "C28", "C29", "C30" ] }, { "id": "limits", "title": "What remains unresolved", "claim_ids": [ "C32" ] } ], "limitations": [ "Graph topology is not a truth or credibility score.", "Prerequisites are editorial conceptual dependencies, not learner-outcome validation.", "Private source locators remain in staging/research evidence." ] }